List of skin diseases and disorders

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There are hundreds of skin diseases (dermatoses) afflicting humans. The integumentary system may be afflicted by many dermatoses as well as nonpathologic states.

Though some require a visit to a dermatologist, many of them resolve by themselves. In many nonpathologic states of integumentary system, underlying etiologies and pathogenetics are often not known. Morphological symptoms can occur as macules, papules or vesicles. Coloration may range from red, blue, brown, black, white or yellow. As dermatoses have different causes, their classification is usually based on location, morphology, etiology and coloration. The most important dermatoses and nonpathologic states are listed below.

List of skin diseases due to nutritional deficiency

Dermal haemorrhages, corkscrew like hair, reddish bruise-like spots (scurvy - vitamin C deficiency)
Depigmentation of hair, dry and scaly epidermis (vitamin A deficiency)
Dry scaly and cracked dermis due to pellagra (vitamin B3 deficiency)
Sores and cracks on the corner of mouth and lips (vitamin B2 deficiency)
Hyperpigmentation, scaly, greasy or dry rash (vitamin B6 deficiency)
Acral dermatitis (zinc, biotin, protein, or essential fatty acid deficiency )

List of dermal fungal infections

Pityriasis versicolor
Intertrigo
Thrush (Candida albicans)
Ringworm of the groin (Tinea cruris)
Athlete's foot
Ringworm on the body (Tinea corporis)
Ringworm of the scalp (Tinea capitis)

Viral diseases of skin

Smallpox (Variola)
Chickenpox (Varicella)
Measles (Rubeola)
Rubella (German measles)
erythema infectiosum
roseola
Warts
Type 1 Herpes simplex virus (Cold sores)
Type 2 Herpes simplex virus (Genital herpes)
Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

List of bacterial infections of skin

Cellulitis infections
Impetigo
Erysipelas
Folliculitis
Methicillin (meticillin) resistant Staph. aureus
Tropical pyomyositis
Erythrasma
Cutaneous Anthrax
Skin Abscesses
Impetigo
Carbuncle
Furuncle
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

List of skin diseases of systemic infections

Smallpox
Chicken pox
Measles
Leprosy

List of nail infections

Tinea unguium (Onychomycosis)
Brittle Splitting Nails (Onychoschizia)
Nail Bed Injuries
Psoriatic Nails
Ingrown Toenail
Bacterial Nail Infection (Paronychia)

List of diseases of hair

Dandruff
Folliculitis
Hirsutism
Ingrown Hair
Poliosis

List of congenital skin diseases

Acrodermatitis enteropathica
Albinism
Congenital atopic eczema
Congenital hemangioma
Nevus flammeus
Congenital ichthyosis
Congenital psoriasis
Epidermolysis bullosa
Harlequin icthyosis
Hereditary hyperbilirubinemia
Keratosis follicularis
Mongolian spot
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Urticaria pigmentosa
Verrucous vascular malformation
Discoloration dermatitis

List of skin diseases due to hormonal effects

Hyperpigmentation (Addison's disease)
Acne, pimples, blackheads
Dry itchy skin in menopause
Alopecia and male baldness
Dermatitis due to hypersensitivity
Contact dermatitis
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
Rashes and inflammation
Angioedema (Swelling)
Acute urticaria
Rhinophyma

Dermatoses and nonpathologic states may affect one or more parts of the integumentary system such as epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, hair, nails, eccrine glands, apocrine glands, arrector pili muscles and nerve cells and vascular networks. Timely treatment is the best solution in most of the cases.

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What is dry skin - Dry skin problems and conditions

What is dry skin - Conditions and problems → What causes dry skin? → Moisturizers → Homemade face moisturizer recipe → Oily skin treatments

What is dry skin(xerosis or xeroderma)

The medical term for dry skin is Xerosis cutis. Xerosis conditions and problems results from insufficient moisture in the stratum corneum (outermost layer of epidermis). Xerosis results when the capacity of stratum corneum to hold back moisture is lost and is unable to protect the inner layers from losing water. Knowing what causes dry skin (xerodrma or xerosis) help us in taking preventive measures, alleviating the conditions and finding treatments and remedies. The outer most layer of epidermis region of our skin (stratum corneum) is made up of dead cells embedded in natural oils (sebum) secreted by underlying cells of epidermis.

X-linked Ichthyosis genetic disorder

This protective layer of sebum, holds back the epidermis moisture from evaporating into atmosphere and also protects epidermis from entry of harmful substances and germs.

Dry skin problems and conditions

The affected region has red, parched, dull or flaky look and the affected person feels skin tightness and itching.
Problems like extreme itchiness may overwhelm the affected person and can causes him sleepless nights.
The affected area in extreme conditions may show wrinkles, cracking, chapping, bleeding, and dermatitis.
In chronic conditions thin expression lines may form on the forehead, near the eyes and the corner of mouth.
These conditions are exacerbated by frequent baths, air-conditioning, cold winds and room heating.
These problems are found to affect both men and women equally.
Elderly people are more prone to get xerosis due to falling secretions of sebum.
Persons whose occupation requires frequent wetting of hands or body and persons working in cold or hot draught of wind may also get xeroderma if proper protective measures are not taken.
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Usually hands, arms, legs, feet and sides of the abdomen are first affected. There are various levels of severity of xerosis.
It conditions may be temporary, as in the case of winter dry skin and it may last for a few days to few months.
Xerosis conditions caused by environmental factors and use of wrong moisturizers can be alleviated and corrected by certain corrective measures including use of right moisturizers.

Severe dry skin conditions due to health problems

However severe to very severe xerosis problems can be caused by skin diseases and other health problems.

Hormonal imbalances and hormonal deficiencies may also give rise to xerosis as sebum production is linked to androgen secretion.
These types of xeroderma conditions have to be tackled at the root cause level and the disease behind it has to be treated in order to get lasting relief. Very severe dry skin problems are caused by certain genetic disorders (Ichthyosis) and only some measures can be taken to get some relief from these problems and cure is still a distant hope with all the research going on.

Though severe and chronic dry skin problems require evaluation by a dermatologist, understanding the root causes of dry skin conditions can helps us in taking certain preventive measures to alleviate the problems.

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